Locking handsets - why it's wrong

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SIM locking has reared its ugly head again, with Telecom’s offshoot Skinny proposing to lock handsets to the XT network for a period of nine months.

TUANZ is opposed to such things as they’re a barrier to customers moving freely between networks and we already have enough of those thank you.

But someone on Twitter argued that in fact it’s a good thing for customers wanting a low-cost smart phone and challenged me to explain myself, which I hope I managed. I figured it was time to do something similar here on the blog.

First of all, what is SIM locking? I don’t know the ins and outs of Skinny’s plan, but I’m pretty sure it’s not SIM locking but rather handset locking – that is, the handset will check to make sure it’s on the XT network and if it isn’t, it won’t connect.  Skinny tells us it will lock the phones to the XT network for the first nine months, and after that they will be unlocked for free. Customers will probably have to call in to get them unlocked I would expect, so they’ll actually be locked permanently unless the customer makes the decision to switch it off.

Skinny says that by locking handsets it will be able to subsidise the retail price of the handset to customers.  So what’s the problem with that, asks my correspondent? It’s a good question – if that was it, in isolation, then we probably wouldn’t have an objection, but there's more to it.

Customers who want to move in the first nine months can unlock the phone for a $30 fee. That’s not much (probably equivalent to two or three months’ service) and certainly won’t be enough to recoup any loss Skinny will make on the phone itself, which begs the question why lock handsets at all?

In effect, it’s a term contract for the prepay market and that’s where my objection lies. Skinny is aimed at the low-spend end of the market and these customers are extremely price sensitive. They churn, and I’ve heard figures of around 30% market churn year on year, which is a lot but masks those customers who churn constantly in the search for a better deal, some as often as every three months.

They also tend to be on prepay, which is a great way of controlling your spend
(put $20 on the phone account and when it’s gone, it’s gone. No overuse charges
can occur) but the key point here is flexibility. They can move to another
provider on a whim, and frequently do, following the short-term deals that the
telcos seem to love.

Number portability has been a godsend to these customers and their lack of loyalty to one provider or another means they’re keeping the telcos honest. When your competitor offers a great short term deal and you haemorrhage customers, that’s a clear sign you need to move with the times.

All the telcos hate this high level of churn (it's costly after all) but that doesn't seem to stop them offering incentives to be a new customer - it happens all the time, and the telcos continue shoving new deals at new customers as if there's an endless supply of them. Try rewarding those that stick around longer than a year and see what happens, I say.

But I digress.

By locking prepay customers into a nine month contract, that all stops. The sweeping move to new deals will slow down, the churn rate will drop and the pressure for telcos to respond quckly to a competitor’s new offer will slacken off. We’ll see less dynamism in a market that’s already known for its ploddingly slow response times.

And if Skinny locks handsets, what will the other players do? You can bet Telecom proper and Vodafone will both look at locking handsets – Vodafone tried it a few years ago and was told off by the Commerce Commission but reserved the right to try again at a later date. Once they both start locking handsets that leaves our nascent competitive market in disarray.

The MVNOs have yet to get a proper toe hold in the market and this certainly won’t help, but it’s 2Degrees that will suffer the most. Skinny is aimed directly at  Degrees’ market base and by locking handsets to Telecom’s network, fewer customers will be able to migrate to 2D, the one company that seems able to introduce the kinds of plans the customers love but the telcos aren’t fond of – regime changing plans like rollover minutes, data that lasts more than a month and all the rest.

That’s the real problem – it’s not Skinny locking handsets in isolation that’s the risk, it’s the locking down of the prepay market, the slowing down of response to competitive pressures and the potential to damage the new competitive market that makes me very wary of handset locking. We already have enough barriers to switching – let’s not introduce a new one.

Incidentally, I see a someone doing the rounds of various comment threads telling customers that Vodafone and 2Degrees “de-spec” handsets so as to stop them from working on Telecom XT.

As far as I can tell this is utter rubbish – there just aren’t that many handsets that run on 2100MHz, 900MHz and Telecom’s 850MHz that the idea of any operator buying handsets that specifically exclude Telecom is a nonsense.

Categories: Regulatory | Wireless carriers

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14 comments

  • Steve Biddle says:

    You raise some good issues, but one could argue the market is already very one sided anyway.

    I've just had a quick look at the 2degrees website shows, and can't see a single phone they sell that supports 850MHz. This means any 2degrees users who have purchased a phone from 2degrees can't migrate to XT or Skinny (or any of the MVNO offerings using XT from the likes of telcoinabox). They do however have the option of moving to Vodafone since they both use GSM, and 900/2100 for 3G.

    100% of phones sold by Telecom or Skinny for the XT network will work on both 2degrees and Vodafone. You'll get nationwide GSM coverage, however if you want 3G you'll only find that works in the cities, since the vast majority of 850MHz handsets don't support the 900MHz band used by Vodafone for all rural coverage.

    One could argue that Telecom are already at a competitive disadvantage where customers don't have the option of moving to them without purchasing a new handset, and yet a Telecom customer can move away and still use their handset. I don't see how you can really rgue that Skinny offering a subsidised handset, albiet with a lock, is anti competitive. If anything it will drive competition, by offering low use users a cheaper handset, and if people do adopt the Skinny brand and it does succeed logic will dictate that we'll see both Vodafone and 2degrees put offerings in the marketplace to compete for these low end customers.

    There has been no suggestion that handset subsidies will be less than the $30 unlock fee, and I've heard that all discounts will be greater than this. Consumers can't really lose on the deal.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 9:32 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Alan W says:

    I cannot see the rational sense in heavily subsidizing a top end smartphone pitched at the low end prepay market that perhaps a customer might spend $20 per year to remain on the network.
    If the perspective customer relies on a $30 subsidy to buy a phone may I suggest that Skinny management reevaluate their business plan.
    As Skinny is being pitched to soak up the youth market in Auckland I cannot see vfone sitting idling by and allowing Skinny to come along and poach their customers.
    Telecom never gives anything away I am being prepared to be seriously underwhelmed with their pricing.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 9:39 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Paul Brislen says:

    Hi Ian,

    my point there is the argument that Vodafone and 2D "lock" handsets by not buying pentaband or quint band or whatever the multi-frequency chipset needs to be to cover all three providers is a spurious one - there simply aren't that many out there.

    However, of those that are out there, all the Telecom phones will work on VF and 2D while only a small number of VF/2D handsets will work on XT/Skinny. It's partly because of the frequency but mostly because Telecom doesn't have a GSM network.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 9:40 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Paul Brislen says:

    @steve, Telecom not having a GSM network shouldn't mean that Vodafone and 2Degrees (or any of the MVNOs for that matter) should be required to buy handsets that are compatible with 850MHz 3G.

    But that's a problem the market will fix - the newer handsets coming out tend to be multiband so should take care of things there. Once we get to LTE that should be a thing of the past.

    he says... laughingly...

    But my point stands - it's not about Skinny itself locking, it's about the industry getting into locking. That would not be good - let's make the call now as to whether we have it or not.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 10:06 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Paul W says:

    Paul Brislen said
    "But that's a problem the market will fix - the newer handsets coming out tend to be multiband so should take care of things there. Once we get to LTE that should be a thing of the past."

    You may want to look at this then
    http://thecellphonejunkie.com/2011/12/11/lte-will-fragment-not-unify-global-cellular-networks/

    Added: 13 December 2011, 1:31 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Paul Brislen says:

    that's why my next line is "he says... laughingly..."

    LTE, like CDMA before it, is supposed to unify the tech side of the industry. So far I see no sign that it will.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 5:08 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Alan W says:

    I would like to know what is the mark up between wholesale and retail on these handsets. It amazes me when I see the discounts that the warehouse can offer on these unlocked handsets.
    May I suggest Telecom also has a long hard look at it's retail pricing as to why they are losing market share to 2 degrees. This would be stating the obvious.

    Added: 13 December 2011, 5:20 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • paul W says:

    Alan W. Your dead right on this one..

    Added: 14 December 2011, 9:21 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Other Markets says:

    Paul, you claim that handset locking will crush any compeitiveness the market had. How then do you explain that the markets that *do* lock handsets, such as the UK, are some of the most competitive in the world.

    I would argue that because we don't have locking here, that prevents the subsidy of cheap handsets to customers who can only afford to pay a little (same could be said for having MTRs - an argument you have put forth yourself in previous years). by not allowing locking, we will never see handsets as cheap as overseas. and cheaper handsets make it EASIER to switch providers. I can go into a phone shop in the UK and get a handset for less than 10 pounds including a SIM. That is only possible because the operator knows that I can only use it on their network so they subsidise it. Good for me, good for the provider.

    Added: 14 December 2011, 10:58 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Alan W says:

    In response to Other Markets.

    May I suggest that the problem is not the cost of handsets but the ongoing cost of using the network. May I suggest you read the report from the Commerce Commission which states. Even with the regulation of mobile termination rates and the entry of 2 degrees,NZ mobile users are still paying some of the highest prices in the world.

    "In the mobile services market, the report shows that New Zealand’s mobile pre-pay pricing is significantly higher than Australia except for when the predominant use is for text messaging, where the price is lower than Australia and the OECD average.

    New Zealand mobile post-pay pricing is generally higher than the OECD average and significantly higher than Australia. Australia has had the benefit of a more competitive mobile market than New Zealand for many years. For higher users of mobile voice services, pricing is also significantly above the OECD average".

    http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/nz-mobile-pricing-significantly-higher-australia-ck-106549

    www.comcom.govt.nz/telecommunications-market-reports.

    Added: 15 December 2011, 3:24 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Other Markets says:

    Alan, this is entirely my point. if lockng handsets somehow makes the market less competitive, then how does one explain Australia and the UK, where handset locking is the standard, yet the market is vastly more competitive than NZ?

    Added: 19 December 2011, 7:46 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Alan W says:

    In response to other markets.

    How are you making the mobile market more competitive when you are creating barriers to prevent customers switching between networks. This is a form of postpay contract in the case of Skinny it will be nine months.

    Added: 20 December 2011, 8:46 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Other Markets says:


    The effect of handset locking is to make purchasing handsets on prepaid significantly cheaper for customers (because the carriers subsidise them). Cheaper handsets make it much easier to switch networks. this is exaclty what happens in the UK. Over there you can pick up a new prepaid handset for 10 pounds or less therefore it is very easy to switch if you want.

    If you want to talk about barriers to switching because ofhandst, then just look at how many handsets 2Degrees sell that will even work on XT, not a single one as far as I know. Yet every XT handset works on 2Degrees network. 2degrees effectively alreayd "lock" their handsets from switching to Telecom by only purchasing handsets that do not have 850 capability - and they can never be unlocked.

    Added: 21 December 2011, 9:30 a.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
  • Alan W says:

    In response to Other Markets.

    In regards to frequency bands allocated to each mobile operator I suggest you do your homework.

    2 degrees uses 900 and 1800 MHZ for 2nd generation GSM and 900 and 2100MHZ for UMTS 3G.
    Vodafone uses the same frequency bands for it's network. Telecom is a dedicated UMTS 3G network and uses 850 MHZ and 2100MHZ which it is licensed to use.
    Rather than bagging 2 degrees why don't you get your facts right and query the handset manufacturers as to why they do not include the 850 MHZ band in all their handsets this has got nothing to do with vfone or 2 degrees. The only reason that Skinny is being introduced into the market place is to try and slow down the loss of customers switching to other mobile providers especially as telecom's CDMA network is being switched off next year. Look at the high ongoing cost of using a mobile not the cost of handsets.

    Added: 21 December 2011, 3:26 p.m. Flag as Spam  |  Flag as Offensive
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